If you get headaches when drinking wine or your face becomes flushed, chances are you have experienced an allergic reaction to the wine. Antihistamine medications like Zyrtec, Allegra, Claritin or Benadryl may provide quick relief for your symptoms. This is because histamine has caused an immediate inflammatory response in the body.
Histamine is part of the immune system that serves to provide a warning to your body of any potential attackers. It causes blood vessels to swell so the white blood cells can quickly find and attack an infection or problem. The increase in the level of histamine is what causes a headache and leaves a person feeling flushed, itchy and miserable.
Many wines contain components that may react negatively to people with histamine sensitivity. To begin, the wineries tend to use grapes that are ripe or even overripe; a state which leaves the fruit in the perfect state for excess histamine production. Sulphur dioxide, which is a common preservative used in winemaking, can cause dermatitis, hives’ and/or flushing. Another preservative, ammonium sulphates, may cause nausea or vomiting. It also causes histamine release in the body. Commercial yeasts are also a known histamine trigger.
Lastly, ethanol, which is the alcohol we consume when we drink wine, is a by-product of the bacteria which feed on the sugars in the grapes from which the wine was made. It is the reason why all alcohol contains histamines. Generally, the higher the alcohol content, the lower the sugar content and vice versa.
The level of histamine in wine varies depending on the processes used when making the wine; things such as the type of barrel used. You won’t find an alcohol completely without histamines and sulfites but there are techniques that will lower the histamine formed in wine.
While both red and white wines contain some trace nutrients, red wine has much higher levels of antioxidants, but all wines contain substances such as sulfites, which can cause mild to severe allergy symptoms to appear in some individuals. White wine will contain between 3 to 120 micrograms of histamine per glass, whereas red wine will have 60 to 3,800 micrograms of histamine per glass.
Some people claim that natural wines contain low levels of histamine, however this is not always true. It is not easy to determine which wines are safe as most wine labels do not legally have to show this kind of information and there isn’t a legitimized certificate for low histamine wines.
What works for many people with a sensitivity to histamine is a low histamine wine without sulfates. White wines such as Sauvignon Blanc or sparkling wines like Cava or Prosecco are often a good choice for people with histamine sensitivity.
Sláinte mhaith
A Layman's Wine Musings 