Irish Whiskey or Scotch Whisky

Don’t all types of whiskey pretty much taste the same, especially those ones that are made from the same type of grain? The simple answer is no. Just ask the Irish or the Scots. They will each tell you that theirs is far superior over all others. Irish whiskey and Scotch whisky have common roots but have developed differently over time.

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So, what are the differences between Irish whiskey and Scotch whisky? To begin, Irish whiskey is spelled with an “e” (whiskey), while Scotch whisky is spelled without an “e” (whisky). Whiskey labelled as Irish whiskey must be produced in Ireland and spend a minimum of three years maturing there while whisky labelled as Scotch whisky must be produced in Scotland and spend a minimum of three years maturing there.

Both are created using fermented grain and aged in wooden barrels. However, their distillation process, ingredients and flavour profiles differ. Irish whiskey is often triple-distilled whereas most Scotch whiskies are double-distilled. Thus, Irish whiskey is usually known for a smoother, lighter taste, often having fruitier flavours, while Scotch whisky is typically known for a fuller, heavier, more complex flavour profile with notes of oak, vanilla, fruit, spice and sometimes smokiness. However, as with most things there are exceptions. Occasionally Irish whiskey is only double-distilled and Scotch whisky is triple-distilled.

Irish whiskey may be made from a combination of cereal grains including barley, corn, wheat and rye. Scotch whisky is produced from 100% malted barley. The grain is distilled differently as well. Irish whiskey can mature in wood species other than oak, while Scotch whisky must be matured in oak barrels.

There are four types of Irish whiskey: Single Malt, Single Pot Still, Single Grain and Blended Irish Whiskey. For details on single malt and single pot, see my March 12, 2022 post “The Styles of Irish Whiskey”.

On the other hand, there are five types of Scotch whisky: Single Malt, Single Grain, Blended Malt, Blended Grain and Blended Scotch Whisky. Further information on the types of Scotch can be found in my post “Scotch Whisky Single Malt Vs Blend” dated December 18, 2021.

As you can see, both countries produce single malt, single grain and blends. In Scotland, blended malt and blended grain are separate categories whereas blended Irish Whiskey must be made from two or more different whiskey types.

The biggest difference between Irish whiskey and Scotch whisky is the single pot still classification. This is a style of whiskey that is unique to Ireland and is made from both malted and unmalted barley.

Scotch whisky sales exceed those of Irish whiskey. In 2023, Scotch exports were the equivalent of $10.3 billion CDN while Irish whiskey exports were just more than $1.6 billion CDN. There are currently about 150 whisky distilleries operating in Scotland and around 50 in Ireland.

However, being bigger doesn’t make it better. Scotch can boast more varieties and market exposure but it is up to you decide which one is better. It comes down to personal taste.

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The Sparkling Wine Market

The demand for sparkling wine can be very volatile as it is heavily influenced by consumer moods and trends. Sparkling wine is traditionally related to festive gatherings and celebrations as long as people are congregating for happy times there will be a demand. However, during economic down times or in unusual circumstances like COVID-19, people are not gathering to celebrate and the sparkling wine market suffers.

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Like in so many segments of the wine industry, there is increasing demand for non-alcoholic sparkling wine options as the younger generations become more health-conscious and want to avoid alcohol. This trend is expanding market appeal. Vintners who embrace this new market by diversifying their product lines and expanding consumer reach will benefit.

Health-conscious consumers are looking for wines with reduced sugar content and fewer calories. This shift encourages innovation in product formulations, helping wine makers attract a broader consumer base. Low-calorie options provide a competitive edge in a health-driven market.

Given today’s ecological and environmental concerns, consumers are also placing much more emphasis on sustainability and organic certifications. Sparkling wine producers who are adopting eco-friendly practices are appealing to environmentally conscious buyers. This trend is providing producers with the ability to command higher prices & enhance brand loyalty.

The sparkling wine market, which has been steeped in tradition for centuries, is now being forced to change by evolving consumer demand. Producers need to respond and adapt to the evolving marketplace if they want to continue to survive.

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Dessert Wine Trends

As the name suggests, dessert wine is a sweet wine that is intended to be served alongside dessert. These wines are often rich in flavour and have a high sugar content.

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There has been a growing demand for premium dessert wines aimed at satisfying consumer demand for high-quality and unique flavours. This has driven market growth by enticing wineries to improve and enhance their product offerings and release new artisanal options, which in turn command higher price points and increased revenue.

There is rising interest in low-alcohol dessert wines by health-conscious Millennials and the Gen Z population who desire lighter wines. These wines also appeal to a broad range of wellness seekers, thus enhancing market growth.

Again, health-conscious and ethically driven drinkers are creating demand for vegan and allergen-free wine alternatives. By excluding animal-derived fining agents, which are added to wine to alter its colour, flavour, texture, and clarity, new dessert wine markets become available. These agents include additives such as casein or gelatin.

There are generally five types of dessert wine. Thirty percent of the market is made up of fortified wines, consisting of Port, Sherry, Madeira and Marsala.

Late harvest wines are next, consisting of twenty-five percent of the dessert wine market. Included in this category are Late Harvest Riesling, Late Harvest Sémillon and Late Harvest Gewürztraminer.

Controlling twenty percent of the market is Ice Wine. Included are Eiswein and Ice Cider.

Botrytized Wines, also referred to as Noble Rot, consist of fifteen percent of the market. For an explanation of this type of wine, refer to my post, Dessert Wines from April 18, 2020. Wines in tis group include Sauternes and Tokaji Aszú.

The “Other” wine category make up the remaining ten percent of the dessert wine market. Included in this catch-all category is Recioto della Valpolicella, Vin Santo and Muscat / Moscato.

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In Response to Donald Trump

During the past six years that I have been writing this blog I have always steered away from political issues. However, today I feel compelled to speak out against Canada’s one time ally, the United States. With the return of Donald Trump to the White House’s Oval Office, Canada’s economy was placed under direct attack by Trump when he decided to impose twenty-five percent tariffs on Canadian imports to the U.S., without just cause. Similar sanctions have been imposed on Mexico and China and are being threatened against the European Union.

Photo credit: Manitoba Liquor Mart

In response to these bullying tactics by Trump, and as a proud Canadian, I will no longer purchase or write about American wine until such time as Trump refrains from his attack on Canada.

Canada has been the top export market for U.S. wines and Ontario’s provincial liquor board (the LCBO) has been among the largest purchasers of U.S. alcohol. In Ontario, imported wines are primarily sold through provincially owned and operated retail outlets, although recent regulatory changes have authorized 157 private grocery retail locations to distribute wine and beer.

The first phase of Canada’s response to the U.S. imposed tariffs includes tariffs on wine and spirits, in addition to many other products. Ontario is banning American liquor and the LCBO is removing American wine, spirits and beer from its shelves. This will represent about a billion dollars worth of American alcohol.

British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland are also removing U.S. liquor from their store shelves. At last word Quebec is considering the idea. On the bright side these bans will serve to enhance the sale of Canadian wines in Canada, as well as European, Australian, South American and South African wines.

Hopefully the American people will convince Trump that the imposition of his tariffs will not only hurt international economies but his own economy as well. It is a sad situation.

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The Canned Wine Market

Since I first wrote an introduction to the canned wine market in a post from November 5, 2022, the market has continued to expand. Just as a reminder, canned wines are wines packaged in aluminum can, that provide convenience, portability and freshness. Cans offer a modern alternative to traditional glass bottles, catering to the needs of today’s fast-paced, on-the-go lifestyles of the Millennial and Gen Z consumer segments in particular.

Aluminum cans have enabled a surge in market share within the broader alcoholic beverage industry and has permitted expansion into new international markets and emerging regions. With cans being very adaptable for use at special events and outdoor activities, their popularity continues to grow.

This has all lead to growth in the premium and higher-priced canned wine sectors and encouraged investment from both major and niche wine producers. Strategic partnerships are driving industry growth resulting in innovative can designs to help improve consumer appeal and expand distribution channels into more diverse retail formats.

Wineries have been working to enhance their flavour profiles for canned wines by incorporating flavours such as fruit-infused, botanical and exotic blends. The trend toward moderation and portion control is driving the popularity of single-serve canned wines. Consumers realise the convenience, affordability and reduced environmental impact associated with single use cans.

Canned wines seem to be here to stay and are not just a passing fad.

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Health and Lifestyle Changes

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Anti-alcohol messaging is going to continue and it will be increased during this upcoming year. The World Health Organization (WHO) is now warning against the consumption of any alcohol. Cancer warning labels are now being proposed and will no doubt soon be applied to all alcohol packaging. These warnings will no doubt be accompanied by a reduction in alcohol consumption. However, there are several other factors that will impact alcohol sales.

To begin with, many Millennial and Gen Z consumers are focused on their physical and mental state and how they portray themselves on social media. They have come to associate alcohol with vulnerability, loss of control, anxiety and abuse. For these reasons they have reduced their alcohol consumption.

The increase in popularity of anti-obesity drugs is also having an impact. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), anti-obesity Semaglutide, Liraglutide, as well as Tirzepatide drugs like Saxenda, Ozempic, Wegovy and Mounjaro are now very popular. GLP-1 works by trigging the release of insulin from the pancreas, reducing glucose from entering the bloodstream, slowing digestion and increasing the ‘full’ sensation people feel after eating.

So, how does this impact wine consumption? Studies revealed that Semaglutide reduced binge-like alcohol drinking. The drugs moderated GABA, the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors in the brain responsible for the ‘buzz’ associated with moderate consumption of alcohol.

There is growing evidence that many users of these drugs feel less inclined to drink any form of alcohol. If GLP-1 becomes as affordable and as widely used as many predict, the effect on the food and drink industries may be dramatic.

Alcohol-free beverage alternatives are becoming more popular as the quality of these products continues to improve and they gain more market acceptance. Our own kids, who are all adults, are into alcohol free alternatives, especially beer. And now with many craft breweries and estate wineries expanding their offerings to include alcohol free options, the quality of these products maintains the same standard as their alcohol-based options. If nothing else, these beverages will provide lunchtime beverage alternatives to soda or mineral water.

Some countries, such as Great Britain, are imposing a different level of excise tax based on alcohol level. For example, beginning February 1, 2025, the duty and tax on a 13.5% Alcohol by Volume (ABV)bottle of wine will be £3.59, whereas an 8.5% ABV bottle will be taxed at just £2.05.

Finland has just reduced its alcohol distribution rules. Beverages with ABVs of 8% or less can now be sold in supermarkets. Traditionally, once one Nordic nation changes the rules, the others, such as larger Sweden, tend to soon follow.

Public attitudes toward alcohol are changing. The social licence to encourage a guest to have another glass of wine or to finish off the bottle are becoming less acceptable behaviours and are being widely revoked.

As Bob Dylan wrote, “The Times They Are a-Changin”.

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Name That Size

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Ignoring cardboard and aluminum packaging options, did you know that there are seventeen glass bottle packaging sizes available for holding your favourite white or red wine? Now every wine is not available in every size as that would be cost prohibitive, but producers have lots of options for packaging their wine, depending on the market for packaging their wines.

The vessels from smallest to largest include:

Split or Piccolo – ¼ the size of a standard bottle or one glass. This is the size often served on trains and airplanes.

Half or Demi – ½ standard bottle or two glasses. This size bottle is also commonly served on trains and airplanes.

Half-litre or Jenni – 2/3 standard bottle or three glasses. This is a common size served in restaurants.

Standard – 1 standard 750 ml. bottle or five glasses. This is the most common size sold in wine stores.

Litre – 1 1/3 standard bottles or 7 glasses. This size is often produced in countries that use the metric system of measure. It is a size commonly sold to venues serving significant quantities of wine.

Magnum – 2 standard bottles or ten glasses. Some wines are available in this size at local wine stores.

Jeroboam or Double Magnum –4 standard bottles or twenty glasses.

Rehoboam – 6 standard bottles or thirty glasses.

Methuselah or Imperial – 8 standard bottles or forty glasses.

Salmanazar – 12 standard bottles or sixty glasses.

Balthazar – 16 standard bottles or eighty glasses.

Nebuchadnezzar – 20 standard bottles or one hundred glasses.

Melchior – 24 standard bottles or one hundred twenty glasses.

Solomon – 26 standard bottles or one hundred thirty glasses.

Sovereign – 35 standard bottles or one hundred seventy-five glasses.

Primat or Goliath – 36 standard bottles or one hundred eighty glasses.

Melchizedek or Midas – 40 standard bottles or two hundred glasses.

As you can now see, there are many sizes of bottles available for supplying your wine.

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Sweetness Levels in Sparkling Wine

With many people cruising wine store shelves this time of year looking for a bottle of bubbly to celebrate the season with, it is a good time to examine how to identify the various types sparkling wine or Champagnie. There is no doubt about it; the sweetness classification system for sparkling wines is confusing. There are seven standard sweetness categories. Those are brut nature or brut zero, extra brut, brut, extra sec, sec, demi sec and doux. Each class indicates slight differences in aromas and flavour.

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The sweetness level is determined by the dosage or liqueur d’expedition, which is a mixture of sugar and wine. It is used to top off the amount of wine in the bottle after riddling has taken place. Riddling occurs when the winemaker removes the dead yeast cells (referred to as the lees) from the neck of the bottle.

The dosage mix may contain anywhere between 500 and 700 grams of sugar per litre of sparkling wine. The precise ratio of sweetener-to-wine varies according to the producers’ desires and region the wine is produced in. Some producers use a sweeter liqueur d’expedition, while others choose not to sweeten their wines at all.

The classification system was designed a hundred years ago by the French to identify the sugar levels in Champagne. This is part of the laws that govern the production of Champagne. The laws have been modified countless times over the years.

The seven levels from dryest to sweetest are:

Brut Zero/Brut Nature

These wines are the driest, containing less than three grams of sugar per litre. These wines may also be referred to as “sauvage” or “zero dosage”.  They contain only natural residual sugar with no dosage added to the bottle.

Spanish Cava and Corpinnat producers may refer to these wines as “brut nature”, where in Germany the term “naturherb” may be used.

Extra Brut

In Champagne as well as Spanish Cava and Corpinnat, “extra brut”, or in Germany “extra herb”, is used to describe the second driest level of sweetness. These wines contain less than six grams of residual sugar.

Brut

“Brut” is the most common style of Champagne. To be labeled a brut wine, it must contain less than 12 grams per litre of sugar. This is a broad range and technically includes both “brut nature” and “extra brut”, so this category can vary widely in sweetness levels.

This term is also used to describe Spanish Cava and Corpinnat. In Germany the style may be referred to as “herb.”

Extra Sec/Extra Dry

“Extra Sec” or “Extra Dry” wines are slightly sweeter than “brut”. They contain between 12 and 17 grams of sugar per litre.  In Spain, the style is referred to as “extra seco” and in both Germany and Australia the term “trocken” is used.

Sec

“Sec” wines contain sugar levels between 17 and 32 grams per litre. These wines are considered to be ‘medium dry’ or ‘off-dry.’

Demi-Sec

Wines labeled “demi-sec” or Spanish “semi seco” contain between 32 and 50 grams of sugar per litre. Fun fact, this is equivalent to the amount of sugar in a typical gin and tonic.

Doux

This is the sweetest style of sparkling wine with the highest sugar content, usually over 50 grams per litre. Doux wines are very rare.

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Corkscrews

The characteristic of the ideal corkscrew varies depending on who you ask. There is no right or wrong type of corkscrew to use. The best one is the one that you are most comfortable with and successful using.  I think everyone has occasionally struggled to open a bottle of wine that has had an uncooperative cork, making it seem near impossible to free the contents from its glass prison. The trick is to find the type of corkscrew that maximizes your chances of successfully opening your wine seamlessly, without a broken cork, spilled wine or sloppily cut foil.

The most classic corkscrew option is the waiter’s style wine key corkscrew. It is simple enough to use with some practice. Learning how to best utilize the double hinge can be a little tricky, but once mastered it is generally the most cost affective and versatile option.

The winged style corkscrew is larger than the waiter’s style but offers similar ease of use. The screw is sharp and penetrates both natural and synthetic cork easily and the winged arms make it a favourite for many. While the functionality is high, it is a bit bulky for small, crowded kitchen drawers or well-stocked home bar carts. Because of its ergonomic grip and design that doesn’t require a ton of force to operate, it’s a good option for anyone who has joint issues, arthritis, or generally struggles to open a bottle of wine. This style often doesn’t include a foil cutter.

The vertical lever-style corkscrew works well overall as a wine opener. It removes the cork quickly, easily, and with minimal physical effort. Simply position the non-stick screw above the cork, and in two easy motions and one pump of the lever, the corkscrew releases and removes the cork.

If you desire something requiring the least amount of effort, an electric corkscrew is the best choice. These are available from a variety of vendors in a reasonable price range. They are the perfect tool for those who prefer high-tech kitchen gadgets or and anyone with mobility or strength limitations. Just make sure that you have the bottle placed on a level surface. Electric wine openers are effortless to hold and will seamlessly remove the cork with a push of a button. It’s also useful for opening older cellared bottles of wine with troublesome corks.

Depending on the manufacturer there may be some variation in the appearance of each of these types of corkscrews. Price points can also differ depending on the producer and materials used.

Here are some final thoughts to consider when purchasing your next corkscrew.

If you need to open bottles quickly, you will be slowed down if the opener doesn’t have a foil cutter. While many corkscrews have built-in options, there are numerous that don’t.

Corkscrews come in all shapes and sizes. Some are small and compact enough to carry in your pocket while others are much bulkier and more cumbersome to store.

The price may be a factor in your purchasing decision. For most everyday wine-drinking purposes, you can find a reliable and easy-to-use corkscrew for under $30.

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The Ten Best

I am always seeing articles about ‘TheTen Best this’ or a list of ‘The Best that’. When I read those articles I am always left with the question, “What makes these ones the best? To me beauty is in the eye of the beholder. Whether it be whisky or wine, I have tasted some that I love and others that are so-so, or even worse, that I detest. Just because someone tells you this one is fantastic doesn’t mean that you will agree. Does this mean you are less learned than the author or lacking in your ability to recognize great flavour? Absolutely not. After all, what makes the author’s opinions any better than our own? Nothing.

Another thing I find interesting is that often many of the selections found on these lists are not available in Canada and many are not even accessible to order via the internet. Thus, the information becomes basically useless. It would be like searching for a unicorn.

Lastly, the price point on some of these choices is out of reach for many as prices may reach well into four digits to obtain a bottle of the golden nectar. In my opinion, a steep price doesn’t automatically equate to it being a fantastic wine or whisky. It only means that it is expensive. A high price is better equated to the economic and production factors associated with making the wine or spirit.

To me these articles provide mere opinions and are nothing more than casual reading entertainment. I find it interesting to compare these lists to see whether there are any that I have tried. Of those that I have tasted, I compare the writer’s opinion to my own. If there is agreement, then I am more interested in what the writer has to say since there is then a stronger likelihood that we have similar tastes.

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